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Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by separatist Congregationalists who called themselves "Saints". Later they were referred to as Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers. They were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England. They traveled aboard the ''Mayflower'' in 1620 along with adventurers, tradesmen, and servants, most of whom were referred to by the Separatists as "Strangers".
The Mayflower Compact was signed aboard ship on November 11, 1620 by the Pilgrims. They used the Julian Calendar, also known as Old Style dates, which, at that time, was ten days behind the Gregorian Calendar. Signing the covenant were 41 of the ship's 101 passengers,〔〔 while the ''Mayflower'' was anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor within the hook at the northern tip of Cape Cod.〔
== Reasons for the Compact ==
The ''Mayflower'' was originally bound for the Colony of Virginia, financed by the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London. Storms forced them to anchor at the hook of Cape Cod in what is now Massachusetts. With provisions running short, it was unwise to continue. This inspired some of the Strangers to proclaim that since the settlement would not be made in the agreed upon Virginia territory, they "would use their own liberty; for none had power to command them...."〔 To prevent this, the Pilgrims chose to establish a government. The Mayflower Compact was based simultaneously upon a majoritarian model (taking into account that women and children could not vote) and the settlers' allegiance to the king. It was in essence a social contract in which the settlers consented to follow the compact's rules and regulations for the sake of order and survival. The Pilgrims had lived for some years in Leiden, a city in the Dutch Republic. "Just as a spiritual covenant had marked the beginning of their congregation in Leiden, a civil covenant would provide the basis for a secular government in America."〔Nathaniel Philbrick (2006), ''Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War'', Penguin Book, New York, N.Y., ISBN 978-0-14-311197-9, p. 41〕
In November 1620, the ''Mayflower'' anchored at what is now Plymouth, named after the major port city in Devon, England from which she sailed. The settlers named their settlement "New Plimoth" or "Plimouth", using the Early Modern English spellings of the early 17th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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